E dominant 9th chord

What each note does

• E is the root. It names the chord and is the note your ear hears as home.
• G♯ is the major third. It makes the chord sound bright. Lower it a half step to G and the chord turns minor.
• B is the fifth. It adds weight without changing the character, so it is the first note to drop when a voicing gets crowded.
• D is the flat seventh. It adds tension that pulls toward the chord a fourth above, the sound of blues and of a V chord heading home.
• F♯ is the ninth, the second an octave up. It opens the chord and adds color without changing its function.