E major 7th chord

What each note does

• E is the root. It names the chord and is the note your ear hears as home.
• G♯ is the major third. It makes the chord sound bright. Lower it a half step to G and the chord turns minor.
• B is the fifth. It adds weight without changing the character, so it is the first note to drop when a voicing gets crowded.
• D♯ is the major seventh, a half step below the root. It makes the chord sound rich and settled rather than pushing anywhere.