F minor scale

How it is built

• Seven notes: whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole, whole. The half steps fall between G–A♭ and C–D♭.
• A♭ is the flat third, the note that makes it minor. E♭ is the flat seventh, a whole step below F, so the pull home is softer than in major.
• Same notes as A♭ major. Raise E♭ to E for harmonic minor and the V chord turns major.